The publications below are grouped as academic publications and policy briefs.

Academic Publications

Business as usual? Cannabis legalisation and agrarian change in Zimbabwe
Rusenga, C., Klantschnig, G., Carrier, N. & Howell, S., 2024, The Journal of Peasant Studies. 51, 2, p. 982–1001.

A potent chew?: Kenyan khat and the agency of drugs
Carrier, N. 2024, Medical Anthropology Theory. 11, 3, p. 1-24.

Psychoactive agents​: Drugs, morality, and responsibility
Carrier, N. 2024, Medical Anthropology Theory. 11, 3, p. 1-8.

Cannabis is illegal in Nigeria but provides a living for families – study calls for rethink of drug laws
Klantschnig, G., Nelson, E. & Ogundairo, J., 2023, The Conversation.

Drug policy in Africa: a history of global and regional dynamics
Carrier, N. C. M. & Klantschnig, G., 2020, Research Handbook on International Drug Policy. Bewley-Taylor, D. & Tinasti, K. (eds.). Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 131–144.

Perpetuating apartheid: South African drug policy
Shelley, S. and Howell, S., 2019 in K. Koram (ed.), The War on Drugs and the Global Colour Line. London: Pluto Press, 156-176.

Free the Weed: A Short History of Marijuana
Carrier, N. C. M. & Klantschnig, G., 22 Aug 2019, The Elephant.

Quasilegality: Khat, Cannabis and Africa’s Drug Laws
Klantschnig, G. & Carrier, N. C. M., 2018, In: Third World Quarterly. 39, 2, p. 350-365.

Illicit livelihoods: drug crops and development in Africa
Carrier, N. & Klantschnig, G., 2 Apr 2016, In: Review of African Political Economy. 43, 148, p. 174-189.

Histories of Cannabis Use and Control in Nigeria, 1927–1967
Klantschnig, G., 1 Jan 2014, Drugs in Africa: Histories and Ethnographies of Use, Trade, and Control. Palgrave Macmillan, p. 69-88 19 p.

Policy Briefs

Cannabis and livelihoods in Africa: A call for policy reform that is inclusive, equitable and evidence-based – Policy Report 98: October 2024
Clemence Rusenga, University of Bristol; Gernot Klantschnig, University of Bristol; Simon Howell, University of Cape Town; Neil Carrier, University of Bristol.

Cannabis Policy in Kenya: A call for an informed and inclusive national debate – Policy Briefing 151: July 2024
Neil Carrier, University of Bristol; Bernice Apondi, Voices of Community Action and Leadership Kenya (VOCAL-KE); Clemence Rusenga, University of Bristol; Gordon Omenya, Kenyatta University.

South African Cannabis Policy: Policy reform must balance public health, economic interests, and social justice – Policy Briefing 152: July 2024
Simon Howell, University of Cape Town; Myrtle Clarke, Fields of Green for ALL; Clemence Rusenga, University of Bristol; Gernot Klantschnig, University of Bristol; Neil Carrier, University of Bristol.

Cannabis policy reform in West Africa needs to be inclusive – Policy Briefing 153: July 2024
Gernot Klantschnig, University of Bristol; Ediomo-Ubong Nelson, Centre for Research and Information on Drug Abuse; Maria-Goretti Ane, International Drug Policy Consortium-Africa; Prince Bull-Luseni, West Africa Drug Policy Network; Michael Kumordzi Tetteh, West Africa Drug Policy Network; Clemence Rusenga, University of Bristol.

Cannabis Policy Reform in Zimbabwe should prioritise small-scale producers – Policy Briefing 154: July 2024 – Policy Briefing 152: July 2024
Clemence Rusenga, University of Bristol; Kumbirai Mateva, Kutsaga Research; Newman Mwembe, Kutsaga Research; Frank Magama, Kutsaga Research; Susan Dimbi, Kutsaga Research; Gernot Klantschnig, University of Bristol; Neil Carrier, University of Bristol; Simon Howell, University of Cape Town.